10. 지형 地形
孫子曰 손자가 말한다：地形有通者 지형에는 통(사통팔달하는 곳)이 있고、有掛者 괘(들어가기 쉽고 나오기 어려운 곳)가 있고、有支者 지(험준하여 행군이 어려운 곳)가 있고、有隘者 애(산골짜기 좁고 험한 요충지)가 있고、有險者 험(거친 지형)이 있고、有遠者 원(적군이나 아군이나 모두 먼 곳)이 있다。
我可以往 나도 올 수 있고，彼可以來 적도 올 수 있으면，曰通 통이라 한다。通形者 통의 형상은，先居高陽 높은 양지를 선점하면，利糧道 식량을 나르기 이롭고，以戰則利 그러므로 전투해서 이롭다。可以往 갈 만하지만，難以返 돌아오기 힘든 곳， 曰掛 괘라 한다。掛形者 괘의 형상은 ，敵無備 적이 방비가 없으면，出而勝之 출격해서 이기고，敵若有備 적이 방비하면，出而不勝 출격해서 못 이겼을 때，難以返 돌아오기 어려우니，不利 불리하다。
我出而不利 내가 출격해도 불리하고，彼出而不利 적이 출격해도 불리하면，曰支 지라 한다。支形者 지의 형태는，敵雖利我 적이 미끼로 꾀더라도，我無出也 출격해선 안 되고，引而去之 병력을 이끌고 떠나서，令敵半出而擊之利 적을 반쯤 나오게 하고서 치면 이롭다。隘形者 애의 형태는，我先居之 내가 선점하고서，必盈之以待敵 반드시 충분한 병력으로 적을 맞아야 한다。若敵先居之 적이 선점한 경우，盈而勿從 적 병력이 충분하면 진격하지 말고，不盈而從之 적 병력이 충분하지 못하면 진격하라。
險形者 험의 형태는，我先居之 내가 선점하고서，必居高陽以待敵 반드시 높은 양지에 주둔하고서 대적하라；若敵先居之 만약 적이 선점하면，引而去之 병력을 이끌고 떠나고，勿從也 절대 진격하지 마라。遠形者 원의 형태는，勢均難以挑戰 세력이 같으면 도전하기 어렵고，戰而不利 싸우면 불리하다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，地之道也 지형의 원리이니，將之至任 장수의 지극한 책임으로，不可不察也 살펴야만 한다。
凡兵有走者 무릇 군대에 주가 있고、有馳者 이가 있고、有陷者 함이 있고、有崩者 붕이 있고、有亂者 난이 있고、有北者 배가 있다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，非天地之災 천지의 재앙이 아니라， 將之過也 장수의 잘못이다。夫勢均 무릇 세력이 같고，以一擊十 하나로써 열을 치는 것，曰走 주 즉 병사들을 도주하게 만드는 상황이다；卒強吏弱 졸병은 강하고 장교는 약한 것，曰馳 이 즉 군기가 이완돼서 명령이 먹히지 않은 상황이다；吏強卒弱 장교는 강하고 병졸은 약한 것，曰陷 함 즉 군대가 아래부터 함몰되는 상황이다；大吏怒而不服 고위 장교가 노해도 복종하지 않고，遇敵懟而自戰 적을 만나서 스스로 싸우고，將不知其能 장수는 그 능력을 알아주지 않는 것，曰崩 붕 즉 군대의 붕괴다；將弱不嚴 장수가 약해빠져서 엄하지 않고，教道不明 명령 지시가 명확하지 않고，吏卒無常장교와 병졸의 기강이 일정하지 않고，陳兵縱橫 병력 배치가 제멋대로인 것，曰亂 난 즉 군대의 혼란이다；將不能料敵 장수가 적정을 헤아리지 못하고，以少合眾 소병력으로 대 병력에 대적하고，以弱擊強 약한 전력으로 강한 전력을 치고，兵無選鋒 군대에 정예 병력이 없는 것，曰北 배 즉 군대가 패주할 상황이다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，敗之道也 패전의 길이니，將之至任 장수의 지극한 책임으로，不可不察也 살펴야만 한다。
夫地形者 무릇 지형이란，兵之助也 전쟁을 돕는다。料敵制勝 적정을 헤아리고 승리를 만들고，計險隘遠近 험애와 원근을 따지는 게，上將之道也 뛰어난 장수의 길이다。知此而用戰者必勝 이걸 알고 싸우면 필승하고，不知此而用戰者必敗 모르고 싸우면 필패한다。故戰道必勝 그러므로 전쟁 원리로 살펴서 필승이면，主曰無戰 군주가 싸우지마라 하여도，必戰可也 반드시 싸워야 옳다；戰道不勝 전쟁 원리로 살펴서 필패면，主曰必戰 군주가 꼭 싸우라 하여도，無戰可也 안 싸워야 옳다。故進不求名 그러므로 나아가도 명성을 안 구하고，退不避罪 물러나도 죄를 안 피하고，唯民是保 오로지 백성을 보호하고，而利於主 군주를 이롭게 하면，國之寶也 나라의 보배다。
視卒如嬰兒 병졸 보기를 갓난 아기 보듯하므로，故可以與之赴深溪 더불어 깊은 골짜기도 갈 수 있다；視卒如愛子 군졸 보기를 사랑하는 자식 보듯하므로，故可與之俱死 더불어 같이 죽을 수 있다。厚而不能使 후대해도 못 부리고，愛而不能令 사랑해줘도 명령하지 못하고，亂而不能治 어지러워도 못 다스리면，譬若驕子 비유하자면 망나니 아들이니，不可用也 쓰지 못한다。
知吾卒之可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知敵之不可擊 적을 쳐선 안 된다는 걸 모르면，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다；知敵之可擊 적을 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知吾卒之不可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐선 안 되는 걸 모르면，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다；知敵之可擊 적을 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，知吾卒之可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知地形之不可以戰 지형 상 싸워선 안 되는 걸 모르면 ，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다。故知兵者 그러므로 능숙한 전사는，動而不迷 (지형을 숙지하므로) 전투 기동애서 안 헤매고，舉而不窮 전군 이동에서 궁하지 않다。故曰 그러므로 말한다：知彼知己 적을 알고 나를 알면，勝乃不殆 승리가 위태롭지 않다；知天知地 하늘을 알고 땅을 알면，勝乃可全 승리가 완전하다。
[영어원문]
孫子曰 Sunzi said：地形有通者 We may distinguish six kinds of terrain, to wit: (1) Accessible ground，有挂者(2) entangling ground，有支者(3) temporizing ground，有隘者(4) narrow passes，有險者(5) precipitous heights，有遠者(6) positions at a great distance from the enemy。
我可以往，彼可以來 Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides，曰通 is called accessible；通形者 With regard to ground of this nature，先居高陽 be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots，利糧道以戰，則利 and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage。
可以往 Ground which can be abandoned，難以返 but is hard to re-occupy ，曰挂 is called entangling； 挂形者 From a position of this sort，敵無備 if the enemy is unprepared，出而勝之 you may sally forth and defeat him，敵若有備 But if the enemy is prepared for your coming，出而不勝 and you fail to defeat him，難以返 then, return being impossible，不利 disaster will ensue。
我出而不利，彼出而不利 When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move，曰支 it is called temporizing ground；支形者 In a position of this sort，敵雖利我 even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait，我無出也 it will be advisable not to stir forth；引而去之 but rather to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn，令敵半出而擊之，利 then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage。
隘形者 With regard to narrow passes，我先居之 if you can occupy them first，必盈以待敵 let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy；若敵先居之 Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass，盈而勿從 do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned，不盈而從之 but only if it is weakly garrisoned。
險形者 With regard to precipitous heights，我先居之 if you are beforehand with your adversary，必居高陽以待敵 you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up；若敵先居之 If the enemy has occupied them before you，引而去之，勿從也 do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice him away。
遠形者 If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy，勢均 and the strength of the two armies is equal，難以挑戰 it is not easy to provoke a battle，戰而不利 and fighting will be to your disadvantage。凡此六者 These six，地之道也 are the principles connected with Earth，將之至任 The general who has attained a responsible post，不可不察也 must be careful to study them。
故兵有走者 Now an army is exposed to(1) Flight，有弛者(2) insubordination，有陷者(3) collapse，有崩者(4) ruin，有亂者(5) disorganization，有北者(6) rout；凡此六者 six several calamities，非天地之災not arising from natural causes，將之過也 but from faults for which the general is responsible。
夫勢均 Other conditions being equal，以一擊十 if one force is hurled against another ten times its size，曰走 the result will be the flight of the former；卒強吏弱 When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak，曰馳 the result is insubordination；吏強卒弱 When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak，曰陷 the result is collapse；大吏怒而不服 When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate，遇敵懟而自戰 and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment，將不知其能 before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight，曰崩 the result is ruin。將弱不嚴 When the general is weak and without authority，教道不明 when his orders are not clear and distinct，吏卒無常 when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men，陳兵縱橫 and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner，曰亂 the result is utter disorganization。將不能料敵 When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength，以少合眾 allows an inferior force to engage a larger one，以弱擊強 or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one，兵無選鋒 and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank，曰北 the result must be rout。凡此六者，敗之道也 These are six ways of courting defeat。將之至任，不可不察也 which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post。
夫地形者 The natural formation of the country，兵之助也 is the soldier's best ally。料敵制勝 but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory，計險阨遠近 and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances，上將之道也 constitutes the test of a great general。知此而用戰者 He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice，必勝 will win his battles；不知此而用戰者必敗 He who knows them not, nor practices them, will surely be defeated。故戰道必勝 If fighting is sure to result in victory；主曰：無戰；必戰可也 then you must fight, even though the ruler forbid it。戰道不勝 if fighting will not result in victory，主曰必戰，無戰可也 then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding。故進不求名 The general who advances without coveting fame ，退不避罪 and retreats without fearing disgrace，唯民是保 whose only thought is to protect his country，而利于主 and do good service for his sovereign，國之寶也 is the jewel of the kingdom。
視卒如嬰兒 Regard your soldiers as your children，故可與之赴深谿 and they will follow you into the deepest valleys；視卒如愛子 look upon them as your own beloved sons，故可與之俱死 and they will stand by you even unto death。厚而不能使 If, however, you are indulgent, but unable to make your authority felt，愛而不能令 kind-hearted, but unable to enforce your commands，亂而不能治 and incapable, moreover, of quelling disorder，譬若驕子 then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children，不可用也 they are useless for any practical purpose。
知吾卒之可以擊 If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack，而不知敵之不可擊 but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack，勝之半也 we have gone only halfway towards victory；知敵之可擊 If we know that the enemy is open to attack，而不知吾卒之不可擊 but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack，勝之半也 we have gone only halfway towards victory。知敵之可擊 If we know that the enemy is open to attack，知吾卒之可以擊 and also know that our men are in a condition to attack，而不知地形之不可以戰 but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable，勝之半也 we have still gone only halfway towards victory。故知兵者 Hence the experienced soldier，動而不迷 once in motion, is never bewildered，舉而不窮 once he has broken camp, he is never at a loss。故曰 Hence the saying：知彼知己 If you know the enemy and know yourself，勝乃不殆 your victory will not stand in doubt；知天知地 if you know Heaven and know Earth，勝乃可全 you may make your victory complete。
孫子曰 손자가 말한다：地形有通者 지형에는 통(사통팔달하는 곳)이 있고、有掛者 괘(들어가기 쉽고 나오기 어려운 곳)가 있고、有支者 지(험준하여 행군이 어려운 곳)가 있고、有隘者 애(산골짜기 좁고 험한 요충지)가 있고、有險者 험(거친 지형)이 있고、有遠者 원(적군이나 아군이나 모두 먼 곳)이 있다。
我可以往 나도 올 수 있고，彼可以來 적도 올 수 있으면，曰通 통이라 한다。通形者 통의 형상은，先居高陽 높은 양지를 선점하면，利糧道 식량을 나르기 이롭고，以戰則利 그러므로 전투해서 이롭다。可以往 갈 만하지만，難以返 돌아오기 힘든 곳， 曰掛 괘라 한다。掛形者 괘의 형상은 ，敵無備 적이 방비가 없으면，出而勝之 출격해서 이기고，敵若有備 적이 방비하면，出而不勝 출격해서 못 이겼을 때，難以返 돌아오기 어려우니，不利 불리하다。
我出而不利 내가 출격해도 불리하고，彼出而不利 적이 출격해도 불리하면，曰支 지라 한다。支形者 지의 형태는，敵雖利我 적이 미끼로 꾀더라도，我無出也 출격해선 안 되고，引而去之 병력을 이끌고 떠나서，令敵半出而擊之利 적을 반쯤 나오게 하고서 치면 이롭다。隘形者 애의 형태는，我先居之 내가 선점하고서，必盈之以待敵 반드시 충분한 병력으로 적을 맞아야 한다。若敵先居之 적이 선점한 경우，盈而勿從 적 병력이 충분하면 진격하지 말고，不盈而從之 적 병력이 충분하지 못하면 진격하라。
險形者 험의 형태는，我先居之 내가 선점하고서，必居高陽以待敵 반드시 높은 양지에 주둔하고서 대적하라；若敵先居之 만약 적이 선점하면，引而去之 병력을 이끌고 떠나고，勿從也 절대 진격하지 마라。遠形者 원의 형태는，勢均難以挑戰 세력이 같으면 도전하기 어렵고，戰而不利 싸우면 불리하다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，地之道也 지형의 원리이니，將之至任 장수의 지극한 책임으로，不可不察也 살펴야만 한다。
凡兵有走者 무릇 군대에 주가 있고、有馳者 이가 있고、有陷者 함이 있고、有崩者 붕이 있고、有亂者 난이 있고、有北者 배가 있다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，非天地之災 천지의 재앙이 아니라， 將之過也 장수의 잘못이다。夫勢均 무릇 세력이 같고，以一擊十 하나로써 열을 치는 것，曰走 주 즉 병사들을 도주하게 만드는 상황이다；卒強吏弱 졸병은 강하고 장교는 약한 것，曰馳 이 즉 군기가 이완돼서 명령이 먹히지 않은 상황이다；吏強卒弱 장교는 강하고 병졸은 약한 것，曰陷 함 즉 군대가 아래부터 함몰되는 상황이다；大吏怒而不服 고위 장교가 노해도 복종하지 않고，遇敵懟而自戰 적을 만나서 스스로 싸우고，將不知其能 장수는 그 능력을 알아주지 않는 것，曰崩 붕 즉 군대의 붕괴다；將弱不嚴 장수가 약해빠져서 엄하지 않고，教道不明 명령 지시가 명확하지 않고，吏卒無常장교와 병졸의 기강이 일정하지 않고，陳兵縱橫 병력 배치가 제멋대로인 것，曰亂 난 즉 군대의 혼란이다；將不能料敵 장수가 적정을 헤아리지 못하고，以少合眾 소병력으로 대 병력에 대적하고，以弱擊強 약한 전력으로 강한 전력을 치고，兵無選鋒 군대에 정예 병력이 없는 것，曰北 배 즉 군대가 패주할 상황이다。凡此六者 무릇 이 여섯은，敗之道也 패전의 길이니，將之至任 장수의 지극한 책임으로，不可不察也 살펴야만 한다。
夫地形者 무릇 지형이란，兵之助也 전쟁을 돕는다。料敵制勝 적정을 헤아리고 승리를 만들고，計險隘遠近 험애와 원근을 따지는 게，上將之道也 뛰어난 장수의 길이다。知此而用戰者必勝 이걸 알고 싸우면 필승하고，不知此而用戰者必敗 모르고 싸우면 필패한다。故戰道必勝 그러므로 전쟁 원리로 살펴서 필승이면，主曰無戰 군주가 싸우지마라 하여도，必戰可也 반드시 싸워야 옳다；戰道不勝 전쟁 원리로 살펴서 필패면，主曰必戰 군주가 꼭 싸우라 하여도，無戰可也 안 싸워야 옳다。故進不求名 그러므로 나아가도 명성을 안 구하고，退不避罪 물러나도 죄를 안 피하고，唯民是保 오로지 백성을 보호하고，而利於主 군주를 이롭게 하면，國之寶也 나라의 보배다。
視卒如嬰兒 병졸 보기를 갓난 아기 보듯하므로，故可以與之赴深溪 더불어 깊은 골짜기도 갈 수 있다；視卒如愛子 군졸 보기를 사랑하는 자식 보듯하므로，故可與之俱死 더불어 같이 죽을 수 있다。厚而不能使 후대해도 못 부리고，愛而不能令 사랑해줘도 명령하지 못하고，亂而不能治 어지러워도 못 다스리면，譬若驕子 비유하자면 망나니 아들이니，不可用也 쓰지 못한다。
知吾卒之可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知敵之不可擊 적을 쳐선 안 된다는 걸 모르면，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다；知敵之可擊 적을 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知吾卒之不可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐선 안 되는 걸 모르면，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다；知敵之可擊 적을 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，知吾卒之可以擊 내 병졸로 쳐도 되는 걸 알고，而不知地形之不可以戰 지형 상 싸워선 안 되는 걸 모르면 ，勝之半也 승리의 반만 온 것이다。故知兵者 그러므로 능숙한 전사는，動而不迷 (지형을 숙지하므로) 전투 기동애서 안 헤매고，舉而不窮 전군 이동에서 궁하지 않다。故曰 그러므로 말한다：知彼知己 적을 알고 나를 알면，勝乃不殆 승리가 위태롭지 않다；知天知地 하늘을 알고 땅을 알면，勝乃可全 승리가 완전하다。
[영어원문]
孫子曰 Sunzi said：地形有通者 We may distinguish six kinds of terrain, to wit: (1) Accessible ground，有挂者(2) entangling ground，有支者(3) temporizing ground，有隘者(4) narrow passes，有險者(5) precipitous heights，有遠者(6) positions at a great distance from the enemy。
我可以往，彼可以來 Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides，曰通 is called accessible；通形者 With regard to ground of this nature，先居高陽 be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots，利糧道以戰，則利 and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage。
可以往 Ground which can be abandoned，難以返 but is hard to re-occupy ，曰挂 is called entangling； 挂形者 From a position of this sort，敵無備 if the enemy is unprepared，出而勝之 you may sally forth and defeat him，敵若有備 But if the enemy is prepared for your coming，出而不勝 and you fail to defeat him，難以返 then, return being impossible，不利 disaster will ensue。
我出而不利，彼出而不利 When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move，曰支 it is called temporizing ground；支形者 In a position of this sort，敵雖利我 even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait，我無出也 it will be advisable not to stir forth；引而去之 but rather to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn，令敵半出而擊之，利 then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage。
隘形者 With regard to narrow passes，我先居之 if you can occupy them first，必盈以待敵 let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy；若敵先居之 Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass，盈而勿從 do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned，不盈而從之 but only if it is weakly garrisoned。
險形者 With regard to precipitous heights，我先居之 if you are beforehand with your adversary，必居高陽以待敵 you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up；若敵先居之 If the enemy has occupied them before you，引而去之，勿從也 do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice him away。
遠形者 If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy，勢均 and the strength of the two armies is equal，難以挑戰 it is not easy to provoke a battle，戰而不利 and fighting will be to your disadvantage。凡此六者 These six，地之道也 are the principles connected with Earth，將之至任 The general who has attained a responsible post，不可不察也 must be careful to study them。
故兵有走者 Now an army is exposed to(1) Flight，有弛者(2) insubordination，有陷者(3) collapse，有崩者(4) ruin，有亂者(5) disorganization，有北者(6) rout；凡此六者 six several calamities，非天地之災not arising from natural causes，將之過也 but from faults for which the general is responsible。
夫勢均 Other conditions being equal，以一擊十 if one force is hurled against another ten times its size，曰走 the result will be the flight of the former；卒強吏弱 When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak，曰馳 the result is insubordination；吏強卒弱 When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak，曰陷 the result is collapse；大吏怒而不服 When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate，遇敵懟而自戰 and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment，將不知其能 before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight，曰崩 the result is ruin。將弱不嚴 When the general is weak and without authority，教道不明 when his orders are not clear and distinct，吏卒無常 when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men，陳兵縱橫 and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner，曰亂 the result is utter disorganization。將不能料敵 When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength，以少合眾 allows an inferior force to engage a larger one，以弱擊強 or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one，兵無選鋒 and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank，曰北 the result must be rout。凡此六者，敗之道也 These are six ways of courting defeat。將之至任，不可不察也 which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post。
夫地形者 The natural formation of the country，兵之助也 is the soldier's best ally。料敵制勝 but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory，計險阨遠近 and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances，上將之道也 constitutes the test of a great general。知此而用戰者 He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice，必勝 will win his battles；不知此而用戰者必敗 He who knows them not, nor practices them, will surely be defeated。故戰道必勝 If fighting is sure to result in victory；主曰：無戰；必戰可也 then you must fight, even though the ruler forbid it。戰道不勝 if fighting will not result in victory，主曰必戰，無戰可也 then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding。故進不求名 The general who advances without coveting fame ，退不避罪 and retreats without fearing disgrace，唯民是保 whose only thought is to protect his country，而利于主 and do good service for his sovereign，國之寶也 is the jewel of the kingdom。
視卒如嬰兒 Regard your soldiers as your children，故可與之赴深谿 and they will follow you into the deepest valleys；視卒如愛子 look upon them as your own beloved sons，故可與之俱死 and they will stand by you even unto death。厚而不能使 If, however, you are indulgent, but unable to make your authority felt，愛而不能令 kind-hearted, but unable to enforce your commands，亂而不能治 and incapable, moreover, of quelling disorder，譬若驕子 then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children，不可用也 they are useless for any practical purpose。
知吾卒之可以擊 If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack，而不知敵之不可擊 but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack，勝之半也 we have gone only halfway towards victory；知敵之可擊 If we know that the enemy is open to attack，而不知吾卒之不可擊 but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack，勝之半也 we have gone only halfway towards victory。知敵之可擊 If we know that the enemy is open to attack，知吾卒之可以擊 and also know that our men are in a condition to attack，而不知地形之不可以戰 but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable，勝之半也 we have still gone only halfway towards victory。故知兵者 Hence the experienced soldier，動而不迷 once in motion, is never bewildered，舉而不窮 once he has broken camp, he is never at a loss。故曰 Hence the saying：知彼知己 If you know the enemy and know yourself，勝乃不殆 your victory will not stand in doubt；知天知地 if you know Heaven and know Earth，勝乃可全 you may make your victory complete。
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